![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Various animal models for SSc have been introduced. Because SSc is rare and its clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, an animal model recapitulating SSc features is needed to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms and evaluate the efficacy of potential therapeutics. There is no curative treatment for SSc 1, 2. Although skin involvement is one of the most prominent phenotypes, other organs, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys, can also be affected, and their involvement is a prognostic factor for SSc 1, 2. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, microvasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis in multiple organs 1. Mice injected with patient-derived PBMCs show promise as an animal model of SSc. SSc hu-mice treated with rebamipide and other potential Th17-cell-modulating drugs presented significantly reduced tissue fibrosis. These cells showed increased expression of CXCR3 and phosphorylated STAT3. The proportions of circulating and tissue-infiltrating T helper 17 (Th17) cells were elevated in SSc hu-mice. Histological analysis of affected tissues from mice treated with SSc PBMCs (SSc hu-mice) demonstrated substantial inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy with human immune cell infiltration and increased expression of IL-17, TGF-β, CCL2, CC元, and CXCL9. Human PBMCs from SSc patients and healthy controls were engrafted into the blood, skin, and lung tissues of NSG mice. In addition, we investigated whether the humanized murine model could be used to assess the efficacy of potential therapeutics for SSc. Blood, skin, and lung tissues were acquired and analyzed after PBMC engraftment. Human PBMCs acquired from SSc patients and healthy controls were transferred into NOD.Cg- Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl (NSG) mice with concurrent bleomycin injection. Here, we introduce a novel animal model for SSc using immunodeficient mice injected with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SSc patients. To evaluate the pathophysiologic mechanisms and efficacies of potential therapeutics for SSc, a preclinical model recapitulating the disease phenotypes is needed. We just think each of them should come with an in-depth commentary by the author, explaining what was going on in their head while creating these weird, funny stock images worthy of our list.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, microangiopathy, and progressive fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. However, we like weird stuff and we know that so do you! Hence Bored Panda has collected a mass of strange and funny stock images from sites like iStock or Shutterstock that no one will ever use, and that will definitely make you say, “WTF is this photo?”įrom a grandma teaching a group of blond children the secrets of “stab between the fingers” to a female version of Adolf Hitler peeling potatoes, the photographers behind these weird, funny photos that seem almost unreal were probably trying a bit too hard.Īnd it’s not that we don't appreciate all the work that went into producing these ridiculous stock photos. And though these weird stock photos were primarily made to be sold, it’s impossible to think anyone would choose these odd pictures even if they were given for free. There’s just something about these strange photos that makes them so distinguishable and often laughable. ![]()
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